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Preface
Chapter 1 Glossary of Soil Science Terms; 1.1 Terms; 1.2 Soil and Physical Relationships.
Chapter 2 Soil Chemistry; 2.1 Colloids: The Reactive Soil Fraction; 2.2 Clay Minerals; 2.3 Mineral Expansibility; 2.4 Sources of CEC; 2.5 Physical Properties of Soils; 2.6 Soil Water Content and Availability.
Chapter 3 Contamination and Impacts of Exploration and Production Waste Constituents; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Drilling Operations; 3.3 Producing Operations; 3.4 Impact of Contaminants.
Chapter 4 Sampling Methods and Protocols; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Site Investigation; 4.3 Equipment Decontamination; 4.4 Sample Collection; 4.5 Solids/Sludge Sampling Protocol; 4.6 Compositing Samples; 4.7 Field Quality Assurance; 4.8 Field Notebook; 4.9 Trip Blank; 4.10 Split Samples; 4.11 Electromagnetic Induction (EM) Surverys for Large Volume Impacts; 4.12 Site Investigation.
Chapter 5 Sampling Program; 5.1 Large Facility Impoundments; 5.2 Statistical Validation; 5.3 Zonal Composites; 5.4 Large-Pit Sampling Considerations; 5.5 Reserve Pits; 5.6 Sampling Strategy; 5.7 Core Composite Validation; 5.8 Future Sampling Considerations.
Chapter 6 Protocol for Chemical Analyses; 6.1 Soluble Constituent Analyses; 6.2 Preparation of Saturated Paste and EC Analysis; 6.3 Peripheral Analyses and Relationships; 6.4 Soil/Waste Reaction; 6.5 Soluble Cations; 6.6 Soluble Anions; 6.7 Quantitative and Quality Control; 6.8 Solid Phase Analyses; 6.9 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC); 6.10 Exchangeable Cation Distribution; 6.11 Analytical Procedures; 6.13 Total Metals Analyses; 6.13.1 Acid Digestion; 6.13.2 Quality Control and Assurance; 6.14 Organic Analyses.
Chapter 7 Limiting Constituent Criteria; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 State Regulations; 7.3 American Petroleum Institute Metals Criteria; 7.4 Pit Utilization and Waste Management (“NOW” Defined); 7.5 Site Indexing; 7.6 Guidelines for Limiting Constituents.
Chapter 8 Soil Amendments; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Soil Reaction (pH) Amendments; 8.3 Salinity Amendments; 8.4 E&P Release Events and Treatment Scenarios; 8.5 Scenario I—Light Crude Oil Release on Soil; 8.6 Scenario II—Heavy Crude Oil Spill on Soil; 8.7 Scenario III—Light Crude Oil and Produced Water Spill on Soil.
Chapter 9 Clean Closure Techniques; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Site Closure Considerations; 9.3 Decommissioning; 9.4 Closure Options; 9.5 Minimum Management; 9.6 Burial; 9.7 Dilution Burial; 9.8 Land Treatment; 9.9 In Situ Leach for Saline Pit Solids; 9.10 In Situ Bioremediation for Oily Waste Solids; 9.11 Solidification/Chemical Stabilization; 9.12 Road Spreading; 9.13 Third-Party Disposal; 9.14 Pit Closure Documentation.
Chapter 10 Problem Set; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Problems; 10.3 Solution to Problems; 10.4 Soil Loading Formula for Oklahoma;
Appendix I Limiting Constituents for Land Disposal of Petroleum Extraction Industry Wastes; I-1 Introduction; I-2 Background; I-3 Dissolved Constituent Relationships; I-4 Dissolved Constituent Impacts; I-5 Leaching Impacts; I-6 Soil Chemistry; I-7 Cation Exchange Capacity; I-8 Sodium Adsorption Ratio; I-9 Exchangeable Sodium Percentage; I-10 Soil Chemistry Impacts; I-11 Soil Chemistry Limiting Values; I-12 Hydrocarbon Impacts; I-13 Oil Mobility; I-14 Bioremediation; I-15 Reserve Pit Operation; I-16 Summary of Thresholds and Applications; I-17 Flow Diagrams; I-18 Sample Calculations; I-19 Determination of Limiting Constituent(s).
Annexes A Oil & Grease; B EC; C TDS; D Cation Exchange Capacity; E E&P Sample Preparation; F Exchangeable Cations; G SAR; H Saturated Paste Extract.
Appendix II E&P Total Metals Analysis; II-1 Introduction; II-2 Acid Digestion of Sludges; II-3 Total Barium.
Appendix III Field Sampling for Locating Groundwater Tables; III-1 Introduction; III-2 Procedure; II-3 Interpretation.
Appendix IV pH Limiting Criteria for Management of Onshore E&P Wastes; IV-1 Introduction; IV-2 pH and Related Chemistry; IV-3 Hydrolysis Reactors and Buffers; IV-4 Ion Exchange; IV-5 Soil Buffers; IV-6 Analytical Methods; IV-7 Water Analysis for pH; IV-8 Waste Analysis for pH; IV-9 Soil Buffers; IV-10 Acidic Buffers; IV-11 Alkaline Buffers; IV-12 pH Impacts on Plants; IV-13 Soil pH Amendments; IV-14 pH Characteristics of E&P Wastes; IV-15 Environmental Impact of pH.
Annexes A E&P Sample Preparation; B pH Determination; C Alkalinity (Acid Requirement); D Active Acidity (Lime Requirement).
Plates
Index
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