CHAPTER 1 Energy Options & Terms, An Introduction

Energy Strategic Value. Re-newables Versus Non-renewables. Energy Content Comparison. Exploration For Fossil Fuel. Energy Generation Options. References.

CHAPTER 2 Energy Sources & Supplies

An Overview of World Energy. World Energy Sources. World Energy Consumption. Energy Market Regions – Source Locations. References.

CHAPTER 3 Coal As An Energy Source

Coal Classification, Analysis & Energy Release. Classification. Analysis. Coal Heating Value Estimation. World Coal Reserves, Production and Usage. Reserves. China. Reserves. Consumption. United States. USA Consumption (Comparison to Global Usage). India. Global Coal Usage & Conversion Option. Coal Trade & Transportation. Trade. Transportation. Coal Challenges and Issues As An Energy Source. Environmental Effects. Coal Mining and Transportation Hazards. Sabotage. References.

CHAPTER 4 Oil And Gas As Energy Source

Oil Reserves, Production & Market. Natural Gas Reserves and Markets. Natural Gas Use By Sectors. Drivers of Natural Gas Demand Growth. References.

CHAPTER 5 Green House Gas (CO2) Emission

Green Houses Gases. Historical Records. CO2 Emission. Carbon Dioxide Emission & Global Economic Consequences. World's Top 10 Most Polluted Places. A Method for Calculation of CO2 Emission. Conclusion & Issues For Discussion. References.

CHAPTER 6 Oil & Gas Transportation Modes

Major Location Oil and Gas Sources. Forms of Natural Gas Transportation. Natural Gas Pipelines. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Gas Hydrates. Gas-to-Liquids (GTL). References.

CHAPTER 7 Security of Supply & Transportation – Safety Records

Security of Supply Transportation Safety Records. Oil Supply Disruption & Piracy. Conclusion and Issues to Consider. References.

CHAPTER 8 Pipeline As A Mode of Energy Transportation

Historical Perspective of Pipeline Development. Pipeline Origin. Natural Gas Pipeline Development. World Overview of Existing Pipeline Infrastructure. Pipeline Networks At Glance. Existing Pipeline Infrastructure Statistic. Pipeline Safety Records. General. Oil Pipelines. Natural Gas Pipelines. Pipeline Safety Concerns, Issues & Conclusion. Pipeline Development. Pipeline Development Phases. Business Development. Project Development. Pipeline Implementation. Operation & Maintenance. Pipeline Industry Concerns/Issues. General. Current Issues. Cost & Economic Factor. Pressure and Material. Safety & Environment. Security of Physical Assets. Security Issues. Regulatory Environment. System Reliability . Conclusion and Issues to Consider. References.

APPENDIX A

Pipeline System Design, Construction and Operation Rationalization. Influencing Elements. Design Considerations. Nature of Fluid. Service Environment. Effects of Pressure and Temperature. Pipe Properties/Material. Supply/Demand Scenario, Route and Construction. Codes and Standards. Environmental Impacts. Economics. Direct Costs. Indirect Costs. Tariff/Cost of Service. Operation. Protection. Integrity Monitoring. Integrity Assessment Methods. Risk Assessments. Pipeline Repairs. Conclusion. Acknowledgment. Nomenclature. References.

APPENDIX B

Glossary of Terms.

APPENDIX C

Energy Abbreviations & Terms.